What occurs when CFC or HCFC molecules are released into the stratosphere?

When CFC (chlorofluorocarbon) or HCFC (hydrochlorofluorocarbon) molecules are released into the stratosphere, they encounter high-energy ultraviolet (UV) radiation. This exposure causes these molecules to break apart, releasing chlorine atoms. These chlorine atoms are highly reactive and can then catalyze the breakdown of ozone (O3) molecules into oxygen (O2). The depletion of ozone is significant because the ozone layer plays a crucial role in protecting the Earth from harmful UV radiation. This process, known as ozone depletion, is a major environmental concern because it can lead to increased UV exposure, which has various negative effects, including higher rates of skin cancer and harm to wildlife and ecosystems. Thus, the action of chlorine atoms released from CFCs and HCFCs directly correlates to the degradation of the ozone layer, constituting a significant environmental impact.